Analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.´s Letter From...

In the past there were many protest operated to fight for something injust or needed awareness for others to know the wrong doings that are present in our country. People fought for their rights and against the prejudice that they have to face, accomplish justice that every single one of them are fighting for. Dr. Martin Luther King, a leader of the protest against prejudice was able to pursue the rights for African American people. However eight of his fellow clergymen criticized his procedure to protest, but they still supported him. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King wanted to encourage others to rebel against the wrong, even if it is not wise it is right, he was optimistic and yet disappointed. In order for him to convey his tone and purpose he reaches out to people by using allusion, analogy, and ethos. King employs allusion, to appeal to his audience and convince them that what he is doing is right and necessary. In particular he refers to the Bible, Was not Paul an extremist for the Christian gospel: I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus. It is coherent that King is compelled to take a stand against the prejudice and racism like the way Paul carried the gospel of Lord Jesus. King relate back to Paul to convey his purpose that Paul suffer for what he believe in and so that his fellow clergymen must take sacrifices for a great cost. Furthermore King speaks about, Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail962 Words   |  4 Pagesintangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logosRead MoreSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail986 Words   |  4 Pages and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail are two important pieces of history. In Lincoln’s speech he speaks about the dangers of slavery in the United States and warned everybody that people who disrespected American laws could destroy the United States. On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr. defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, and argued that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws. Based on t hese facts, Martin Luther King Jr does notRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1399 Words   |  6 Pagesmade. For people who are oppressed, what they see as the greater good may be vastly different from the views of those who are unoppressed. Martin Luther King Jr. s, Letter from Birmingham Jail illustrates how a seemingly innocent attempt at gaining one s rights can be seen as controversial and wrong by others. King was put into jail because of the peaceful protests he led. To those who shared King s method of thought, nonviolence would have been the way to maximize the gains in society by allowingRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1493 Words   |  6 Pageswould have disagreed with this assertion, and died in part to keep this idea from spreading. Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian court, though the punishment did not fit the crimes he was accused of. We assume that any knowingly innocent per son would have escaped this sentence if given the opportunity and support to do so, yet Socrates refused to and died soon after. Over 2,000 years later, Martin Luther King is also imprisoned on petty crimes and sees his actions in line with SocratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1794 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. s 1963 Letter from Birmingham Jail, a rhetorical masterpiece, was written in response to eight clergymen’s statements condemning his nonviolent direct actions. He defends the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights nonviolent, direct action against individuals, institutions, and laws that look the other way while unjust racial prejudice against African Americans runs rampant in Birmingham. Using three main appeals, Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Dr. King communicates the struggleRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1251 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A just law is a man-made code t hat squares with the moral law, or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law.† (3) In 1963 in this particular statement made by Martin Luther King Jr. in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, he explained how man-made (white men) laws were created to persecute the black race, and how it is his duty to fight against such laws. He was the one who articulated the progressive hope of many African Americans along with other â€Å"colored†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1499 Words   |  6 Pagescritically we become acquainted with these concepts therefore become better writers ourselves. While learning about rhetorical writing and composition we have analyzed Billy Collins â€Å" Commencement Address at Choate- Rosemary Hall† , Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"letter from Birmingham Jail† and Lloyd Bitzer’s essay on â€Å"Rhetorical Situation†. In this pa per I will analyze and make connections between the concepts of audience, genre and rhetorical situation in connection to the fore-mentioned readings. In doingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1831 Words   |  8 Pageseffective when all three rhetorical appeals, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos, come together to form an indisputable argument. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X are two of the most influential figures of the past few decades; similarly, their work is summarized as some of the most persuasive and controversial of all time. The audience of both of their pieces, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† include oppressed African Americans and the white oppressors themselves. Each man takesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail873 Words   |  4 PagesAfter criticism from eight Alabama clergymen for his nonviolent demonstrations, Mar tin Luther King Jr. was compelled to enlighten them on the current issues plaguing the African American community. During his confinement in a Birmingham jail, King wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address most of the clergymen s concerns about his protest. In his letter, King emphasized why his actions were not unwise or untimely and explained that now was the perfect moment to act. His studies and sermons

To kill a mockingbird book vs. movie Free Essays

In these two versions, there are a couple of differences. A big one that noticed is that Mrs.. We will write a custom essay sample on To kill a mockingbird book vs. movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dubos Is left out of the movie. Mrs.. Dubos was an old lady addicted to morphs en and in the novel she showed moral courage. In the beginning, Gem hated Mrs.. Dubos beck cause of her views on his dad, but she ended up teaching him a lesson. Mrs.. Double’s wish w as to die ‘beholden to nobody’ even though she knew she would have to go through suffering without the help of the drug. Others would have chosen a untroubled death, but Mrs. Dubos was adamant to conquer her addiction and to die with the pain instead. Attic’s didn’t WA NT Gem to think that ‘courage is a man with a gun in his hand’ so, he sent him to Mrs.. Double’s t o learn this. This Is very Important because It helps Gem realize what courage Is and Isn’t. Also, in the novel, Gem and Scout go to Scaloppini’s church while Attic’s is working. This is a really significant moment in the story which they did not show in the movie. This being a time of prejudice where whites had their own churches and the blacks had t heir own churches. So, when Gem and Scout show up with California some people aren’t comfy ratable with the children because of their white skin color. But, California sticks up for the chi lilied and says that, â€Å"It’s all the same god, anti it? † The children also learn that California live sees a ‘double life’ because they hear her speak different among white and black folks. How to cite To kill a mockingbird book vs. movie, Papers

Malaysian Airline

Question: Give a brief description onAir India -Malaysian Airline. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the official reporting of the corporate social responsibility and sustainability activities that has taken a significant part in every organization. In today's world, companies that are making profits from their respective markets feels that it is their duty to contribute towards the improvement and betterment of the society they are gaining such profits. However, companies who indulge themselves in such activities or use these activities as for the means of publicity and try to capture the attention of media and public words their company and creating a brand name through these activities (Sen Das, 2013). This report focuses on the critical evaluation of the social reporting of the sustainable activity of two airlines- Air India and Malaysian Airlines. Both the companies are from aviation industry but are heading from different countries. Broadly CSR policies and initiatives are based on the foundation of the market place, community, environment and workplace. Description of selected companies Air India is a government-owned airline which was incorporated as a government airline in 1946. Approximately 18,700 employees work for the airline. The principle divisions in which they provide services are Ground Services, engine overhaul and engineering and maintenance (Hankins, 2016). Malaysian Airline is the national carrier of Malaysia that covers more than 1000 destinations in more than 150 countries around the world. It has been rated as the best airline in Malaysia and awarded with the worlds best cabin crew award. It has been acquired by the Malaysian Airlines Berhad in September 2015 (Hankins, 2016). Air India Limited has imbibed its corporate social responsibility and is all set to acknowledge all the environment issues with the conviction to protect the environment. It is working with the determination to develop which would also benefit the stakeholders at all the levels of the operations as well as the customers. The company intends to mark a positive contribution to the society that is the den where the company operates. Major differences in the companies: What differences are evident between two companies regarding the range of issues depth within the reports and the depth coverage on specific issues? Both the airlines are globally dominant. Malaysian airlines produce its sustainability report along with their annual report. However, Air India does not have any separate sustainability report; they include it in their annual and have adopted a "corporate environment policy initiated in the year 2015, but no such activity has been officially taken place by the airlines as of now. Malaysia Airlines clearly state its visions and the achievement of this vision on their annual sustainability report. In their annual sustainability report, it is clearly stated that the policy of the company applies to Malaysia airline system Berhad, and all the relatable subsidiaries. They should abide by the policy of prevention of pollution and minimization of the environmental footprint by the improvement of the performance and the compliance with the environment related legislations and considerations of the other requirements of the environment (Abdelfatah, 2015). Difference between their countries To what extent can these differences be explained by the country or the industry differences? What other explanations might be there? India alone accounts for 2.4 % of the land reserve of the world and holds 16 %of the world population. India faces rapid and widespread environmental degradation at an alarming rate. Indias air pollution is among the worst in the world; the garbage heap in streets remains uncollected for long; pollution of the largest river in the country is heading towards beyond use. Recently the government policies have been revised to give this critical issue priority. Malaysia is also facing severe environmental issues but not as severe as India. The issues related to Malaysia are waste material management, industrial and commercial operations and the harmful emissions from these sectors. According to reports, the reluctance of the government is harming the countries environment sustainability policies (Motwani, 2012). It is clear that the pressure adopting sustainability policies for the countries is high, and the governments have to work with the private industry to achieve the sustainability goals. In the case of the Air India, it has recently announced to adopt environment-friendly fuel to reduce the massive harmful emission. On the other hand, Malaysia Airlines have already been working on adopting the measures to reduce harmful emission and have been successful according to the annual reports. CSR approach based on Zadek et al.s criteria Assess the apparent quality of the social accounting approach utilized by each company according to Zadek et al.s (1997) criteria Zadek proposed eight key standards that are practiced to evaluate and test the activities of an organization towards the building of a cleaner and better environment. This idea is vital in measuring the level of standards followed by the companies. These standards are crucial in the evaluation of the reporting of company claims in their annual statements. Contribution towards better environment: one of the factors that rule the policy making of the airlines is the fuel consumption and carbon emission by the fleets. Both the companies are moving towards the adoption of the environment-friendly fuel to reduce the carbon emission. This way the airlines indicate towards their concern and contribution towards the minimization of the air pollution. Both the airlines promise rigorous efforts towards the sustainability of the environment. Contribution towards a better society: Malaysia Airlines operates to more than 50 destinations and serves more than 40000 passengers daily thus has a huge responsibility of the safety of the passengers (Grayson Nelson, 2013). A good relationship with the stakeholders: Air India has been recurring losses for a very long time and thus has faced many protests from the employees as Air India was unable to give the salaries to the staff. Air India also faced issues with bad services to the customers and has a lot of grievances from the customer regarding food, inappropriate management of baggage and inappropriate behavior from the staff (Punjab, 2016) Reflection of social report: Discuss the extent to which the social reports reflect the values of the selected companies. In the annual sustainability report of the Malaysia Airlines, they clearly state the amount of carbon footprint they leave 546,164,000 kgs of carbon dioxide and consumed 1,680,000 kgs of fuel in the year 2014 (Tiwari Kainth, 2014). Air India has engaged an environment management system/fuel management information system which followed the recommendations of Fuel Efficiency Gap Analysis and reduced 316,121,673 kgs of fuel and reduced 995,783,274 kgs of carbon dioxide emission in the year 2014. This clearly indicates the concern of the airlines towards environment sustenance, yet they both faces issues regarding security and customer service respectively that has majorly hampered the image of the airlines and adversely affected the profitability of the airlines. Reflection of self after group discussion Briefly, reflect on the group discussion of these companies. In what ways did the ideas presented by the group confirm the conclusion or present another perspective? During the group discussion, the activities revolving the airlines were discussed in details. Various points of views came up regarding the reporting of the environment sustainability and CRS activities by the airlines. One of the opinions stated that the positive reporting regarding the CSR activities has become a trend to boost the business of the airlines. However, another group argued that the false reporting is unethical practice, and thus that should stop as it gives a favorable impression of the airline but in reality are false. Both the groups agreed on the fact that the reporting regarding the environment sustainability was genuine and that the contributions claimed by the airlines in their reports have been achieved. The reports both the airlines that claim their CSR activities are not completely true. They are working on the building of their brand names as they have suffered huge losses due to different issues in the recent past. It has been evident that the heart-wrenchi ng crashes of the two Malaysia Airlines fleet resulted in desperate times for the aviation company. On the other hand, the various issues are prevalent in Air India has been instrumental in the recurring of the huge losses that the airline has been going through. These desperate times have compelled the airlines to re-build the brand image of the respective airlines. Conclusion Every company in different markets is trying to benefit out of their sustainability reports and thus offer much focus on it. However, the false claims made by the company might adversely affect the company name as the true colors of false claims are bound to come into the limelight. A detailed evaluation and analysis of the reporting and accounting regarding the CSR activities are bound to indicate the true colors of the report. In this report, a detailed analysis of the CSR activities and environment sustainability has been done, and it is found that both the companies abide by the claims they have made. They have extensively worked on the environment sustainability though they majorly fall short on the claims of their CSR activities as they have been dealing with critical issues. References Abdelfatah, A. S., Shah, M. Z., Puan, O. C. (2015). Evaluating the Sustainability of Traffic Growth in Malaysia. Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering Vol, 3(1). Ang, C. T., Morad, N. (2013). LCA, Ecolabelling and Carbon Footprint as Product Environmental Assessment Tool (PEAT) in Malaysian Perspective.World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(9), 1261-1270. Dgl, C., Behnam, M. (2015). Environmentally sustainable development through stakeholder engagement in developed and emerging countries.Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(6), 583-600. Grayson, D., Nelson, J. (2013). Corporate responsibility coalitions: The past, present, and future of alliances for sustainable capitalism. Stanford University Press. Haji, A. A., Ghazali, N. A. M. (2012). The influence of the financial crisis on corporate voluntary disclosure: Some Malaysian evidence. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 9(2), 101-125. Hankins, C. A. (2016). Global challenges keynote address in memoriam to colleagues lost in the Malaysia airlines 17 crash. AIDS care, 28(sup1), 3-7. Motwani, S. (2012). Communicating CSR is More Challenging than Paying CSR. International Journal of Research and Development-A Management Review, 1(1), 41-45. Nel, P. (2014). The two Malaysia Airlines disasters in 2014: Lessons for airline management in a global context. Pasricha, S. (2013). The Maharaja's New AVTAAR: Air-Refuelling Strategy for the Indian Air Force. AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES. Punjab, H. (2016). CSR in Indian Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Special Reference to Aviation and. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry, 106. Roy, A. (2015). What determines airline profitability: industry conditions or firm level capabilities?. Academy of Taiwan business management review,11(2), 17-23. Selvarajh, T., Munusamy, J., Chelliah, S., Pandian, S. (2012). An empirical study on corporate social responsibility in Malaysian aviation industry: A case study. African Journal of Business Management, 6(8), 2919. Selvarajh, T., Munusamy, J., Chelliah, S., Pandian, S. (2012). An empirical study on corporate social responsibility in Malaysian aviation industry: A case study. African Journal of Business Management, 6(8), 2919. Sen, M., Das, N. (2013). Corporate sustainability reporting: a review of initiatives and trends. IUP Journal of Accounting Research Audit Practices, 12(2), 7. Tan, B. S., Yap, E. H. (2015). Sustainable Growth of the Commercial Aviation Industry in Malaysia Using a System Dynamics Approach. Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 10(9). Tiwari, S. R., Kainth, J. (2014). Malaysia Airlines: in search of a sustainable business model. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 4(7), 1-22.

Is the attempt to manage employees cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far

Introduction This paper is aimed at showing that in most cases, the management of employees’ emotions and cultural values is ineffective and unethical even despite the fact that this idea appeals to many business administrators. In order to elaborate this argument, it is first necessary to discuss the concept of organizational culture and explain how the values of employees are formed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, I will try to demonstrate that people’s attitudes toward an organization depend mostly on the nature of their work and their long-term experiences with the company. Moreover, they are dependent on their cultural background. The main task is to show that they cannot be shaped through a planned initiative. These issues will be disc ussed in Section One. Furthermore, in Section Two, I will try to show that the management of workers’ values and emotions can result in conformist thinking in the organization and inability to critique other people. Finally, Section Three will be aimed at examining the ethical aspects of managing cultural values and emotions of employees. In particular, I will try to demonstrate such attempts can encroach on the ethical integrity of a person. These are the issues that I would like to address in this paper. Factors influencing cultural values and emotions of employees Overall, organizational culture is one of the first concepts that should be discussed. In their article, Shahzad et al. (2012) provide several definitions of this notion. First, they define culture as a set of assumptions or values that differentiate a particular organization (Shahzad et al. 2012, p. 976). Moreover, in this context, this term can be understood as beliefs and feelings that employees have about the ir job, the company in which they work, its goals, and its principles (Shahzad et al. 2012, p. 976). These attitudes depend on a variety of factors, for instance, the nature of work, the rewards that employees receive, the relations between managers and employees, career prospects and the social status that a person receive due to his/her work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, a manager who strives to change organizational culture will have to manipulate these factors. The problem is that this task is hardly possible. This person would have to change the compensational policies of the company, its structure, and probably the attitude of the community toward a certain profession. For example, the study carried out by Stephen Ackroyd and Phillip Crowdy (1990) shows that the values and behaviour of workers often depend not on organizational, but occupational culture ( p. 4). These authors examined the behaviour of those people who worked in slaughter houses (Ackroyd Crowdy 1990, p. 3). Many of these people viewed their job as a necessary evil, but they did not take much pride in it (Ackroyd Crowdy 1990, p. 3). This example is important because it illustrates that the values and emotions of workers are not dependent on the actions of managers. In some cases, their attempts to manage the values and emotions of workers are not feasible. The advocates of cultural management can say that in some companies workers identify themselves with the organization, for instance, one can mention such corporations as Honda or Toyota (Wilmott 1993, p. 545). Nevertheless, one should take into account that this loyalty to the group can be explained by social and cultural development of Japanese society (Wilmott 1993, p. 545). It cannot be fully attributed to the actions of managers. These are some of the objections to the management of a person’s values or emotions in the workplace. The second issue that should be discussed is how to demonstrate that the change in cultural values has really been made. The first argument that scholars put forward is that there is no theory that describe the construction of personal or group values (Fitzgerald 1988, p. 5). Additionally, Thomas Fitzgerald points out that it is necessary to explain how the values of employees can be replaced or modified and how this change can be measured (1988, p. 9). Yet, this question still has not been examined by psychologists or social scientists. Secondly, managers have to compare old cultural values or emotions of employees with new ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to do it, a person should conduct a serious of interviews with employees for several times. Even if a company chooses to conduct such interviews, it is quite possible that workers will give responses that management expects from them. In other words, one cannot ensure the validity of such results. Again the problem of measuring values and attitudes can undermine the very idea of managing the employees’ values, feelings, or emotions. Admittedly, there are some ways in which managers can change the attitudes of workers. For instance, in those companies where leaders encourage workers to take in decision-making, people are more likely to have positive experiences. However, these experiences are the result of long-term effort of the leaders. They cannot be attributed to a short-term planned initiative. For instance, in his article, Michael Rosen (1988) describes a Christmas party that was organized to improve the relations among employees (p. 478). Yet, one cannot ensure that such parties can improve the atmosphere in the workplace. Thus, administrato rs cannot always provide convincing empirical evidence proving that they did change the worker’s values and that this change positively affected the productivity of the company. This methodology has not been fully developed. Apart from that, one can refer to the research conducted by Emmanuel Ogbonna and Barry Wilkninson (2003) who demonstrated that the so-called cultural shift in many companies can be better explained by structural changes, job insecurity, or the threat of punishment (p. 1151). Studies suggest that in most cases, culture change initiatives do not help to internalize the values advocated by the management (Ogbonna Harris, 1998, p. 286). In other words, they may follow the principles or rules that are imposed on them, but they do not see them as internal obligations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, people who claim to produce a cultural change in an organization will have to provide evidence showing that this goal has really been achieved. Currently, psychology or social sciences cannot provide methods for measuring the achievement of this goal. This is one of the main issues that business administrators should take into account. Groupthink and Conformism Many business administrators regard the management of employee’s culture as a positive phenomenon. They believe that this strategy can increase workers’ loyalty to the company, and its goals. Assuming that this goal can be attained, there are many potential problems, and one of them is conformist thinking (Won-Woo 2000, p. 873). It should be noted that very often managers attempt to make workers think and act in a similar way. In their opinion, the adherence to the rules of the company has to be the top priority for an employee. In many cases, such a requirement is quite understandable; moreover, good coordination is necessary for any organization. However, business administrators should remember about the dangers of groupthink. This is a situation when employees cannot critique or question the decisions of top management only because they take their opinion of these managers for granted (Won-Woo 2000, p. 882). Corporate leaders should put more value in individuality to ensure the diversity of opinions in the workplace. Without this diversity of opinion, they companies can become stagnated. As it has been said before the very concept of organizational culture suggest that employees have a shared set of beliefs, feelings, and emotions. Thus, managers attach more importance to collectivism and attachment to the group. This strategy can include to some of the following outcomes: 1) self-censorship or unwillingness to contradict the group; 2) the belief in the infallibility of the group; 3) lack of attention to the details which contradict the dominant views; 4) failure to evaluate and critique the decisions of the organization; 5) poor assessment of risks (Won-Woo 2000, p. 882). Therefore, business administrators should remember that decision-making in their organizations can decline because of their attempts to manage the emotions and cultural values of workers. They can reach a situation when employees will be unwilling or unable to think critically. One can easily assume that the performance of such a company may soon decline. This is the risks that managers should be aware of. Ethical aspects of managing cultural values and emotions Another issue that should be discussed is the ethical aspects of emotions and cultural values of workers. Even it is possible to manipulate the values and emotions of a worker, one can still ask a question whether this activity can be acceptable from an ethical point of view. The thing is that every employee is a unique individual who has a distinct set of goals, beliefs, or principles. In his article, Hugh Willmott (1993) arg ues that companies that try to manipulate the values and emotions of workers closely resemble totalitarian societies (p. 523). He points out that these attempts completely contradict some liberal values of freedom of expression or privacy (Willmott 1993, p. 523). Moreover, a worker might be reduced to a mere cog in the machine. This is one way of looking at this problem and it does not support the idea of creating specific cultural values that should be shared by every employee. Additionally, employees themselves can reject any attempt to influence his/her emotions or values. The problem is that many managers want their employees to be completely loyal to the company. Its needs and goals have to be the top-most priority for them. However, these goals can be achieved in different ways, and some of them may not be ethical. Thus, a question arises as to how an employee should act when the strategies of the company contradict his/her ethical principles. In companies, in which the loyalt y to group is viewed as an obligation, a person can be afraid of acting in an ethical way (Maharaj 2008, p 68). The thing is that in the long-term, this lack of moral independence can eventually produce catastrophic effects on a company. Many of the corporate scandals that broke out during the last decade can be explained by the fact that many people did not try to evaluate the morality of the decisions taken by corporate leaders. For example, one can refer to the well-known Enron scandal which can be partly explained by the firm belief in the morality of the group (Gini 2004, p. 9). Thus, managers should consider how the management of cultural values or emotions can eventually affect the reputation of the company and its public image. Moreover, these initiatives can create a gap between corporate leaders and workers who will believe that they are manipulated. Conclusion Overall, these examples show that the attempts to manage cultural values and emotions of workers can be questione d from ethical and scientific points of view. As it has been shown there is not clear method explaining how business administrators can actually affect the attitudes, goals, feelings, or principles of employees. One of the main problems is that there are no theoretical frameworks that can accurately describe the process of changing or influencing the emotions and values of workers. Secondly, it has been shown that the attitudes of an employee are dependent on many factors like the nature of work, cultural background, his/her social status, and so forth. Not all of these factors can be manipulated or altered by the organization. Additionally, managers should remember that these attempts can compromise ethical principles within the company and impoverish its decision-making. Managers or corporate leaders may like the idea that they can affect employees’ inner world, but at this point this task cannot be done. References Ackroyd, S. Crowdy P 1990 ‘Can Culture be Managed? Working with â€Å"Raw’ Material: The Case of the English Slaughtermen†, Personnel Review, vol. 19 no. 5, pp.3 – 13. Fitzgerald, T 1988, ‘Can Change in Organizational Culture Really Be Managed?’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 5-15. Gini, A 2004, ‘Business, Ethics, and Leadership in a Post Enron Era’, Journal Of Leadership Organizational Studies, vol. 11 no. 1, pp. 9-15. Maharaj, R 2008, ‘Corporate governance, groupthink and bullies in the boardroom’, International Journal Of Disclosure Governance, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 68-92. Ogbonna, E, Harris, L 1998, ‘Managing Organizational Culture: Compliance or Genuine Change?’, British Journal Of Management, vol. 9 no. 4, p. 273-288. Ogbonna, E, Wilkinson, B 2003, ‘The False Promise of Organizational Culture Change: A Case Study of Middle Managers in Grocery Retailing’, Journal Of Management Studies, vol. 40 no. 5, pp. 1151-1178. Rosen, M 1988, ‘You Asked for It: Christmas at the Bosses’ Expense’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 25 no. 5, pp. 465-480. Shahzad, F, Luqman, R, Khan, A, Shabbir, L 2012, ‘Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance: An Overview’, Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, vol. 3 no. 9, pp. 975-985. Won-Woo, P 2000, ‘A comprehensive empirical investigation of the relationships among variables of the groupthink..’, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, vol. 21 no 8, pp. 873-887. Wilmott, H 1993, ‘Strength Is Ignorance; Slavery Is Freedom: Managing Culture in Modern Organizations’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 30 no. 4, pp. 515-552. This essay on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? was written and submitted by user Kristen Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Romeo and Juliet summary Essays

Romeo and Juliet summary Essays Romeo and Juliet summary Paper Romeo and Juliet summary Paper For my English coursework, I have been studying the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet is a romantic tragedy. The plot chronicles two star-crossed lovers, which belong to two feuding families, the Capulet family and the Montague family. For the two to be happy they must deceive their families. This is done with the help of Juliets maid and Friar Lawrence. The dramatic play concludes tragically as the couple die, together, in a sad twist of fate. The scene I have chosen to dramatise and direct, as on stage is, Act 1 Scene5. During this scene the two main characters, Romeo and Juliet, meet at the Capulets masked ball. Romeo sees Juliet and is infatuated, he then follows her. Meanwhile Tybalt, a highly respected, powerful Capulet, discovers that Romeo, a Montague, is at the party, Tis he the villain Romeo. Tybalt is told not to pursue Romeo and let him be, by Sir Capulet It fits when such a villain is a guest; I shall not endure him. Approaching the end of the scene Romeo finds Juliet. He takes her behind a curtain, and tries to kiss her My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss, She gives in after playing hard to get, and the two kiss twice. Juliets maid then interrupts and tells Juliet that her mother wants to talk to her Madam your mother craves a word with you. Juliet goes, and Romeo leaves the party. At the end of the scene Juliet asks her maid what was Romeos name, She answers, His name is Romeo, and a Montague; The only son of your great enemy. On that note the scene ends. In the scene leading up to this, the Montagues were deciding whether or not to crash the Capulets party. We find out more about Romeos best friend and companion Mercutio, this character plays a large role in this scene, and also later in the play. Romeo then enters the party disguised in a mask. In the scene following on from mine, the party has ended and Romeo intrudes into the forecourts of the Capulet Mansion. Romeo then goes to Juliets balcony. Then the sentence that is most well known, O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. is proclaimed. This is an example of irony, because Romeo is actually hidden very near the balcony from which she is speaking. She then encounters him later in the scene Romeo and the two embrace romantically before nearly being caught. During Act 1 Scene 5 we discover some important information about some of the main characters, such as Romeo, Juliet, Juliets Nurse and Tybalt. We learn that Romeo has strong feelings towards his newfound love Juliet, and he seems anxious to pursue these feelings. We also learn that Romeo is about nineteen years old. He is also a Montague, and only son of his father Sir Montague. Juliet is young but is mature, she is about thirteen years old. She is a Capulet. Also she is the only daughter of Sir Capulet. This proves a difficulty later in the story. Tybalt is the henchman of Sir Capulet. He is very powerful and seems to be second in command to Sir Capulet. Juliets nurse is understanding of Juliets new found love. She is he one who walks into the two would be lovers first embrace. She accepts that Romeo is a Montague, the enemy of the family she works for, and doesnt hold it against him. She actually acts as a go between, later in the story. She is the one who delivers the news to Juliet, that Romeo is a Montague. In this scene I am trying to draw out the love and passion of the two characters. I want to show that even though the two families despise each other, Romeo and Juliet would put that behind them, as their love is so strong. I want to point out that Romeo is infatuated with Juliet and the audience should be aware of this. O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, as yonder lady oer her fellows shows. The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand, and, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. This is what Romeo says when he first sets eyes on Juliet, and it is a great example that he is infatuated with her.

Business website design Essay Example for Free

Business website design Essay Here are the sections which are included in this proposal Introduction A brief statement about the company and what is required from the client Client requirements Here is what the client would require from the website in detail User needs A description of the target audience and what they require and expect Objectives The purpose of the website and what it hopes to achieve Explanations for Here is why specific options were chosen as opposed to others reason of treatment Proposed contents What the website compromises of Human resources The professionals which are required to produce the website Breakdown of Breakdown of the tasks within the project project Introduction Zak Autospare is a medium sized business based in Huddersfield. The main line of business is a wide range of car products from car parts to car audio. The business has a large amount of clients varying from mechanics to people with need of car parts. There are five workers at Zak Autospare, one of these being a manager and another the owner. The new website will advertise the business nationally as opposed to being only local at the moment, it will allow clients to purchase via the web, the main emphasis here will be upon car audio and car accessories such as alloy wheels, seats, steering wheels, etc. The website will be an advantage to Zak Autospare because as well as trading over the counter they can make extra sales via the website, most buyers would be people requiring parts they need for their car and then ordering them through the website and within a matter of days the will receive those particular products. Overall the website will bring forward new clients as well as new business ideas and possible expansion of the business to other towns and cities. Client Requirements The clients would require a website, which projects their dedication to providing and efficient service which delivers quality products. The website will reflect the businesses image of being a reliable service and having an excellent after sales service. It will also state the low prices and competitively priced products, which customers can enjoy for a cheap price. The client will require the following from the website: * The site will be created in HTML as opposed to Flash since everyone does not have Flash and maybe be reluctant to download it * The site will be linked to a searchable database (linked to current database using Microsoft ASP) to allow its users (customers) to use the website easily and efficiently * The database will also include a search facility starting with the user being able to input the type of car they have and from there being given a range of options leading to the relevant car part or product * The company logo will be used throughout the website to achieve recognition and a unique brand and name. This will be the same logo which is out on the shop itself * The site will have to incorporate many images, that are quickly downloaded therefore large web space * An effective shopping cart allowing the users (customers) to purchase products confidently and securely over the internet. * Personal email address to allow sufficient contact between the business and its electronic customers while also allowing the ability for customers to query desirable products. * Separate pages for each category, i. e. page for wheels, page for engine parts, page for car audio, etc User needs. The main users of the website will be people who own cars (Class C1, C2, D and possibly A and B, these would probably buy car audio since it does not require as much work as fitting in a car part) and possibly mechanics from car garages, here they will order when they require particular parts and are not available from elsewhere. The user needs have been investigated and researched by asking questions to existing customers and people who have used the internet to purchase parts and accessories for their car, the following are profiles of possible users and what they will require from this website. User 1: Name: Harpreet Singh Age: 21. Occupation: Student Car: Ford Fiesta XR2i Internet shopper: Yes From this user what was found was, this type of user required the website to have images for as many car parts and products possible. They would like for the car audio section to have an image of the product alongside a full specification list, this will allow the user to view the product as well as reading up on the features and options of the particular product. They would also like the option of having an image of a car and then being able to change the wheels to different types of alloys which in return would give them an idea of how the particular alloys would look on a car. One of this type of user category would have liked the option of being able to test the sound quality of CD players, this obviously would not be possible but what was found from this was that most buyers buy CD players and general car audio because of its brand and alongside this they would also rely on the features the system carries to ensure they are happy with the product they are about to purchase. The user would expect the prices of car audio and alloy wheels to be reasonable and possibly given the opportunity of being able to do price comparisons with other similar websites. User 2: Name: Robert Mason. Age: 28 Occupation: Auto Mechanic Car: Renault Laguna Internet shopper: Yes This type of user would expect a large range of parts for a majority of cars. He would also expect many electrical accessories such as speakers, stereos and all forms of wiring and fuses. Both of these users have excellent knowledge of the internet and they use it for information and shopping and would both expect transactions to be made securely and deliveries within reasonable times. Objectives The primary objective of the site is to introduce ZAK Autospare to a wider range of customers and to increase their customer base. The rest of the objectives are listed below: Allow regular customers and new customers to purchase through the internet, which in return will provide more sales   Show full description of products available with clear images, which are quickly downloaded with prices alongside   Since the business already has a logo, a new logo will not have to be created, this logo will be used through out the website to remind the user whose site they are on and reinforce this name, so that when they think of car parts and audio they think of Zak Autospare. An email facility to provide thorough contact between customers and business   Show the latest range of products, which will be updated regularly to ensure customers have a wide and latest range of products to choose from * Ensure customer satisfaction with product guarantees and the option of returning products with in 14 days with a receipt and the product being unused, this is all currently available from Zak Autospare Explanation of reasons for treatment The initial idea was to create the website in Flash but after discussion, the decision was made to crate it using HTML. Even though the website would probably look better produced in Flash, many people do not have Flash and these people may not wish to download Flash in order to view this website, so it would be a better idea to produce the website in HTML instead. The owner and manager are familiar with HTML, which gives them a greater understanding as to how the website operates. Alongside this, the cost of the producing the website in Flash would be higher than a normal HTML site. The website will be linked to Zak Autospare’s current database which is produced in Microsoft Access 97, the two shall be linked using Microsoft Asp’s, the scripts will be of searching (searching the website through the database) as well as adding (when an order is placed) and subtracting (when an order is removed or cancelled). The reason for using Asp is because this is used by many websites and is also known by the manager of Zak Autospare. The Asp creation is cheaper when linked to a HTML site opposed to a Flash site, so this will help keep costs low. This option is ideal since most sites are connected to Access databases with the use of Asp’s, rather than business owners linking sites to databases produced in SQL, etc. At first it was decided that the site would be named www. zakautospare. co. uk but after discussion it was decided that this name was slightly long winded and not very ‘snappy’, so it was decided that the site would be named www. zaks. co. uk, which was an excellent name, snappy and punchy whilst being short and easy to remember but unfortunately this name was already in use so as an alternative the name www.zaksshop. co. uk was decided to be suitable, this name is still snappy and seems more friendly and warm. However the logos used on the site would still be named Zak, since this is the sign outside the shop itself. Images will be order from product suppliers and companies, such as Pioneer will give images of all their products. On the site itself there will be images of the shop itself, since it is very attractive with various lights, etc. This will give the user a feel of the business they are dealing with. Business website design. (2017, Aug 04).

New Product Packaging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Product Packaging - Research Paper Example It is important to note that the consumers recognize the colors and other forms that trigger the visual stimuli in the cognitive mind (Johnson, 2012). Once this happens the as, a survival instinct works, and you engage the consumer by the attraction nature. We shall use pink, blue and print the letters in black for total engagement. Pink is a color that symbolizes nurturing and unconditional love, giving the car owner the sense of love to the car and matching it with the product. Blue symbolizes the brand loyalty and confidence in the product; this communicates the sense of friendliness and consumer importance to us. The black letters print will represent the strength and brand authority also makes it stand out from the others, the letters are printed in aerial fonts for easier reading.The cartoon must have a simple design on one side indicating the number of piles for piling together plus other information like temperature and keeping it up. On the opposite side, it contains the add ress and location of the company. The other two sides show the content inside the carton. The simple design on the carton is effective in communication and branding. The print on the carton is tailor made to connect with the product inside hence the use of graphic design on two sides.For the small runs, flexography printing methods will be suitable for our production. It allows printing of up to three colors this make it a viable option for a high-quality small runs tailor made cartons for packaging the car perfumes.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Sociology - Essay Example The field of politics as well as religion has always moved ahead together, several times these fields have helped each other and in certain cases these fields have conflicted with each other. Politics have been greatly impacted by religion and politics have to comply with religion in order to serve its own purpose. In other cases religious leaders have tried to impose their opinion based on religion in order to govern citizens in a better manner under the religious party they are part of. The activities stated above are clearly evident in the politics of United States, it is witnessed that huge amounts of funds are given to political parties and candidates of these parties depending on their view of various societal issues such as control of birth rate, abortion and the most heavily debated topic of gay marriage which has gained tremendous amount of popularity. The religious side that has been in the limelight over this issue is the Fundamentalist Christians, they used their ability to alter the secular policy in their own favor and they portrayed their religious thoughts by getting President Bush elected during the election of 2000 and 2004. In other religions such as the religion of Islam where Muslims elect their political leaders and then direct and control their leaders who have to act in accordance to Islamic religious book called Quran. The similarity between the field of politics as well as religion is the purpose of controlling the citizens and human being’s cognition, soul and behavior. The game played in these fields is simple; the game played in these fields is based on gaining more and more support in order to gain recognition as majority.

Remarkable man Essay Example for Free

Remarkable man Essay In Oliver Stone’s 1987 film Wall Street, the protagonist, Bud Fox is faced with a series of ethical challenges. His actions in the beginning of the film would have pleased Nicolo Machiavelli, however, Fox’s decisions at the film’s end would have greatly disappointed the Italian. On the other hand, Fox’s first actions would have disappointed Henry David Thoreau, however, Fox’s decisions at the end of the film would be more to Thoreau’s liking. At the start of the film, Fox works as a stock broker, trying to compete for big men’s money. As long as he behaves ethically, the big fish won’t give him a chance. Fox’s first ethical decision, then, is whether it is worse to follow the law and remain poor, or to break the law, to make money that will help him and his family. Fox’s decision to break the law and provide big-time capitalist Gordon Gekko with insider information would have been applauded by Machiavelli, who, in The Prince declared the following: It is necessary for a prince wishing to hold his own to know how to do wrong, and to make use of it or not according to necessity. (Machiavelli 62) The decision is even more complicated, because the insider information Fox has to trade is about his father’s own company. If Gekko buys stock in the company, it will help prop the company up, however, Fox’s father would never approve of such an unethical deal. But If Gekko buys company stock, he is likely to do well. He and Fox will make a great deal of money, and Fox’s status will go up accordingly. This is justification enough for Machiavelli, who states that the most important thing a prince can do is get himself the reputation of being â€Å"a great and remarkable man. † (Machiavelli 86) Gekko does, indeed profit from Fox’s information. Fox’s wealth and reputation skyrocket. Fox is even able to date the interior designer he is interested in. All is well, until Fox is presented with another question of ethics. Gekkko begins making changes to his father’s company that the company does not appreciate. Fox must decide whether he ought to go along with Gekko’s plan and backstab his father, or to support his father and lose the perks of his relationship with Gekko. If he works against Gekko, he will lose his sources of income. He will also lose his girlfriend, who is a former girlfriend of Gekko and has had her career fostered by the tycoon. He will also lose the contacts he has made through Gekko. If Fox does go along with Gekko, he will probably continue to live richly. He will enjoy the company of his girlfriend. On the other hand, he will let his own father be ruined. He will destroy his father’s company and he will let down his family. He will be compelled to continuously break the law and he will risk prosecution with every step. Henry David Thoreau would object to this decision, because it would mean treating other men unjustly. Machiavelli, on the other hand, would heartily approve of Fox’s decision to break his father’s company. Indeed, Machiavelli praises the notion of destroying one’s enemies in order to secure one’s position (Machiavelli). Fox’s father has a heart attack, and this seems to turn Fox around. Instead of allowing his father’s company to be ruined, he works with one of Gekko’s competitors to drive the stock down until Gekko sells. The competitor agrees not to sell off parts of the company, and so rescues Fox’s father and his counterparts from ruin. The move also allows Fox to break free of Gekko’s grip. Yet, it involves more insider trading and law-breaking. This, Thoreau would have praised. Indeed, in his Civil Disobedience, Thoreau speaks against following unjust laws and recommends that laws that further injustice be â€Å"transgressed. † (Thoreau 12) Thoreau, then, would happily have broken the law to bring justice to Gekko. While Fox could sit by and hope that someone else could make things right, Thoreau urges men not to sit idly by. At the film wraps up, Fox rescues his father’s company from ruin, but he lands himself in jail for insider trading. This is a move that would have shamed Machiavelli. For the Italian, a prince showing weakness is a very bad thing. Machiavelli does not believe in sacrificing oneself for others. While Fox’s move to save his father’s company seems virtuous, Machiavelli warns that things that seem like virtue are often ruin him (Machiavelli). This is certainly the case with Fox’s decision. Yet Thoreau would likely have done the exact same thing. Indeed, Thoreau went to prison, rather than paying taxes which he felt he ought not pay (Thoreau). Fox’s move, then, although it put him behind bars for a time, is exactly the kind of action Thoreau would applaud. Although I would hope that I would not make Fox’s original decision to get ahead by breaking the law, I might, having already broken the law, use law-breaking to bring justice to a man like Gekko. Though, following the law does seem like a safer course of action. Works Cited Machiavelli, Nicolo. The Prince. Hazelton: Penn State University, 2001. Thoreau, Henry D. On the Duty of Civil Disobedience. Hazelton: Penn State University, 1998.

Catholicism Views On Other Religions :: essays research papers

How does Catholicism view other religions and religious freedom?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Catholics and many other religions have the same view on other religions then there own. Catholics believe that everyone is entitled to their own personal freedom and have there own choices. They share the same vision as the Vatican Council, which is the council that tries to maintain freedom. People nowadays are conscious and there is a growing demand that people should exercise their own judgement. More and more people are demanding other to have there own responsible freedom and act accordingly. Catholics believe that there should be no prevention and excessive restrictions of freedom of individuals. The human society today demands free practice of religions in society. The Vatican council pays attention to these spiritual aspirations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vatican council declares that humans have a right to religious freedom. Freedom of this kind means that everyone is immune from corrosion and peer pressure and other social group forces. Every individual have their own rights and have there own rights to believe in whatever God they desire. Every individual has the rite to freedom within limits; no men or women can be forced against their convictions. Nor anyone can be restrained from acting in accordance to his or her religion. In association with this the public shall recognized religious freedom, which must be give recognition in the constitutional order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vatican council or the sacred council proclaims that obligations bind people’s consciences together. Truth can impose itself on the human mind by the force of its own truth, which wins over the mind. So while the religious freedom, which human beings demand in fulfilling their obligation to worship, God has to do with freedom from coercion in civil society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God orders, directs and governs the whole world and ways of the human community according to a plan conceived in his wisdom and love. God has enabled humans to share in this law, under gentle disposition of divine providence. For this reasons everybody have the duty and the right to seek the truth in religious matters. Through the use of appropriate means they make ask prudent judgments of conscience, which are sincere and truthful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However in contradiction to all this freedom the Vatican Council's declared that there would be only one church of Christ. The Vatican’s declaration on the relation of the Church to non-Christian religions reaffirmed that there is only one Church of Christ that is fully in possession of the truth of the Gospel; that is the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Investment strategy Essay

Adams discontinuity based investment strategy revolved around making investing in companies which were in in the process of or on the fore of exploiting dramatic and sudden changes in well developed markets. Adams focused on both discontinuities and a targeted investment strategy in his search for above average returns. Adams operationalized his discontinuity based investing method by hiring only engineers as partners, leveraging their technical training in the search of promising markets in which to invest. Overtime ACM’s investment focus evolved to focus on markets which he and his partners were already relatively familiar with and had already recognized as attractive. From a Limited Partner’s perspective Adams strategy in comparable to a growth-investing strategy many fund managers implement in the equity markets. That being said, Adams is searching for method of discontinuity based investing looks to capitalise on a company’s potential growth well before they have reached a large enough size to be listed on the equity market. ACM developed more sophisticated pre-requisites to investment developed overtime, these methods digress from typical investment managers and Private Equity/Venture Capital theories firms. Firstly, ACM was only interested in investing in companies which had business to business relationships with their customers, meaning companies without a retail branch from which to distribute products or services to consumers. Secondly, ACM believed the firm value’s and hence the value of their investment would be driven by return on investment (ROI) of respective business customers. Whilst always remaining focused on the business making us of â€Å"first generation applied technology† or being one of the first companies to use a specific technology for a specific application. A combination of ACM’s investment strategy’s divergence from typical investment theory, as it invested in small companies who’s growth prospects were infinite, focused on ROI of a firm’s business clients and utilise the partners wealth of knowledge and expertise to gear ACM to being highly technology focused allowing for Limited Partners looking for diversification to make significant ground. Not only were investors being exposed to diversification in the form of different investment methodologies, an LP also received exposure to the inherently high growth technology sector, all of which was a fantastic way to gain access to shifts that would create opportunities for start-up companies to become market leaders leading to high returns for investors. The four primary causes of discontinuities 1. Standards   2. Regulation   3. Technology   4. Distribution Adams believed â€Å"Market due diligence is the only due diligence you can do independent of a transaction. † A unique part of the ACM strategy was the need for unanimous firm agreement upon the industry or market before individual companies were considered for investment. This was based on the premise of top down analysis, meaning that only when market or industry based analysis showed potential for a discontinuity based investment would further research be conducted to find viable target companies. In addition, the inclusion of a Discontinuity Roundtable, consisting of twenty industry experts and observers that periodically met with the ACM partners to identify and discuss market discontinuities, provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to identifying investment opportunities in the market, and makes ACM more attractive as an investment partner.

Integration Into Latest Advances In OSM Anthropology Essay

This study was written as a consequence of the accrued information available on the sweetening of edifice building. I am convinced that there was a demand for a study that covered the rules which were involved in offsite fabrication which could guarantee that all readers had a good apprehension of the importance of the topic for future developments. The purpose of the study was to be able to acquire an apprehension of the topic and to to the full understand the emerging progresss which will happen in offsite- fabrication within the UK. The method is to present the background of offsite fabrication, including and brief analysis of each system, with analysis of the applications of which these methods can be applied to e.g. pupil adjustment and infirmaries. Besides the benefits of the different systems being applied to applications has be analysed, to reason an result of the hereafter advances in offsite fabrication for humanity. Associating the benefits which have been researched to other affairs such as house monetary values being predicted to lift from 2012-2014, where house builders, developers etc are acute to develop and building before the predicated day of the month at a smaller cost and clip graduated table, accomplishing higher quality building. It would accomplish a more fiscal benefit than normal from house monetary values rise, when the house monetary value lifting period has been proven. Included is an probe utilizing instance surveies of developments which have used OSM systems, which has helped to back up the research for the emerging progresss.IntroductionThe ground behind this survey is to reason what we within the UK can anticipate to see for the close hereafter of edifice building and engineering, and emerging progresss in Offsite Manufacturing. As recent house monetary values within the market are being predicted to hold a rise from 2012, with demand, activity and monetary values, the activity during 2012-2014 should be likely to a rise, promoting increased engagement by house builders, developers, loaners and investors.The construct of OSMOffsite industry or building refers to constructing constructions being built non at the location of usage but at a different location, which occurs in a specifically designed fabrication warehouse or works. This kind of procedure industries parts or faculties of the edifice which is at foremost constructed in the mill so transported on specially designed dawdlers to the site. Once on site, the edifice is installed on lasting concrete foun dations, which are already positioned before bringing of prefabricated parts. These edifices meet all applicable edifice ordinances and are identical from onsite buildingTechniquesVolumetricThe volumetric technique uses units which are three dimensional faculties that are prefabricated in a mill environment, with the taking market being of either a closed faculty design bathroom cods or units suited for pupil adjustment etc of a one sleeping room layout being used continuously. There are besides unfastened sided faculty units which are besides used that allow deeper program edifices to be constructed, but offer less chances for developing upon proficient inside informations. The benefit achieved from utilizing a volumetric attack is being able to do extremely serviced countries within mill conditions. More than 30 trade activities are transferred off-site, taking to fewer people on site, easier commissioning and less rework. ( Langdon & A ; Everest, 2004 issue 42 ) . The cost of the undertaking normally depends on volume and complexness, but besides for specializer applications which can be of a limited production figure the costs can be exceeded. Whereas, if the production where to be of larger volumes of insistent plants, so the cost of the undertaking can be reduced somewhat. Resulting in the more you want of the same thing, the cheaper it can be.PanellisedThe Panellised technique consists of level panel walls, floors and roofs which are prefabricated off site and assembled on site. There are different stuffs used within the scope of different systems which are used, dwelling of lumber frames and light steel frames which are unfastened without insularity being fitted, besides mill finished units which have insularity, Windowss, doors and services installed are used. The chief market for panellised systems is residential building, where in England and Wales, lumber frame has a 5 % portion, much lower than in Scotland and other European states. ( Langdon & A ; Everest, 2004 issue 42 ) With the grounds that residential building in England and Wales has a low portion of lumber frame use, and with England covering the bulk of the UK, its demonstrates that the bulk of the UK does n't utilize adequate panellised systems. Timber panels typically add a capital cost premium of up to 5 % that can be recouped via nest eggs from reduced defects and rework in a well-managed site. ( Langdon & A ; Everest, 2004 issue 42 ) So with this in head the more expensive it may look to fix and raise the panellised system, there salvaging will be noticeable somewhat before and after the completion of the edifice. There being many advantages of utilizing panellised systems, such as the velocity, weather impact, and flexibleness of size, and with the integrating of latest package ‘s and fabricating machinery within the mill used today, it allows a drape sum of customisation to be achieved, which allows the demands of clients to be more flexible instead than being limited.HybridThe Hybrid techniques use parts from both other systems, utilizing different advantages such as utilizing the faculty technique for the serviced countries which come from a high quality fitment and others from panellised which allow that attack of flexibleness for other countries which are needed. The full intercrossed solution is comparatively rare ( Langdon & A ; Everest, 2004 issue 42 ) and this can be expected as these individual technique along are financially expensive to get down up, and to fall in the both systems into one more complex and larger service, it is able to see that a larger mill working infinite would be required for the prefabrication phases.Introduction to the Latest Advances of OSM and the application to lodging in the UKAs we have witnessed from analyzing architectural engineering, that there has been late the increased focal point of greener design schemes in edifice, people of today are now going more active with the taking portion of assisting the environment for a greener one. With many issues of sustainability being a chief focal point, people are protecting the natural resources we have staying to better our environments. Following from this is the progresss in the usage of OSM and the usage of implementing sustainable characteristic which are added within the mill, under better feasible conditions with respects to endure and waste. The rhythm of invention in alternate systems utilizing renewable and reclaimable stuffs and energy are everyplace. ( Kaufmann & A ; Remick, 2009 ) The focal point on utilizing sustainable schemes within the edifice industry, has led to an progress of the stuffs we use, take for illustration the Apple iphone being one of the taking nomadic phones of today. it no longer uses the ethical attack of a bigger phone is a better one, its changed that attack with the germinating humanity, doing a nomadic phone that you can make more with, which is better. It is now portion of a broader cultural conversation about how to make more with less. ( Kaufmann & A ; Remick, 2009 ) Compared with the edifice industry, now the methods of building we choose to take has changed besides, taking away jobs which may happen onsite such as waste, less labour hours and sustainable characteristics, leting many nest eggs within different facets. There is a high demand at the minute from markets which are successful such as hotels and pupil adjustment which are demanding work at about maximal capacity for the volumetric attack, compared to the growing of the panellised technique which has non had such an addition in demand. †¦ a 25 % modern methods quota for places funded under the Housing Corporation ‘s Approved Development Programme, demand for panelled systems is likely to increase as it is the simplest option for Housing Associations to implement. ( Langdon & A ; Everest, 2004 issue 42 ) With this is mind the capacity of the panellised technique should increase due to the increased demand made by the Housing Corporation ‘s Approved Development Programme. Sing the flexibleness of the panellised technique, it is used more frequently for the application to lodging for customisation of design, instead than being insistent like the volumetric attack.Current usage of OSMWith most places in the UK being still constructed utilizing traditional methods of building, there has been an addition in OSM for lodging. The â€Å" Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology † study that approximately 10 % of new UK places are built utilizing lumber frames, and 5 % utilizing other MMC ; tantamount to about 25,000 MMC places per twelvemonth ( Parliamental Office of Science and Technology, December 2003 ) . There is more timber frame used within Scotland compared to the remainder of the UK as this technique is easier to come across in that state as its preferred more.Tech niques emerging for OSM and there relation to lodgingWith environmental issues still refering the people of today, and developers get downing to acknowledge that it would be good to utilize sustainable methods of prefabricated architecture, benefits such as shorter clip graduated tables, better predictable costs, lower hazard issues, and authorities inducements, leads to sustainable pattern and merchandises to increase and to be used for our environments. Current lodging seen from history shows the effects of which they have on the environment and of the land they use. Sustainable design is the attack needed to make healthier environments which needs to be implementing within prefabrication for farther nest eggs. With there being emerging techniques for OSM germinating with clip, there can be unsmooth anticipations of what engineering are at manus for usage in the close hereafter. At the minute there are many techniques being introduced but merely such are really being used, these systems and techniques are listed and discussed below:SIPS ( structural insulated panel systems )A recent techniques used involves structural insulated panel systems ( SIPS ) , where insularity nucleus is bonded to sheet board to organize a panel, making a composite edifice stuff. They consist of a sandwich of two beds of structural get oning with an insulating bed of foam board in between. SIPS involve similar structural belongingss as the I beam.Eco hubsAn eco hub is a new technique of multi lodging, where they are used to power a community instead than being on a individual house, which would bring forth a better environment. Alternatively of repairing a figure of solar panels or air current turbines, which would depend on the orientation of the house, they may non be fitted to the best consequence possible. if the house was built at a better thought orientation with the other hou ses of the new physique community, the environmental engineerings could be allocated within a shared community infinite.Steel placesSteel places are besides alleged to be good for allergy sick persons, using none of the rosins, adhesives and chemicals used in other building techniques. ( kit places: eco friendly, 2008 ) . Not necessary a new technique, but it utilizes the old success of utilizing steel to make stronger constructions such as high rise edifices. Steel is different to wood and other stuffs, as it can last for a considerable sum of clip longer. Steel frame kit places will remain in the exact same form as the twenty-four hours it was built ( Benefits of utilizing steel frame kit places, 2009 ) compared to timber framed construction which over clip, turn, crook and move from enduring and land motion. There is besides the involvement in utilizing steel framed systems as it has a certain sum of fire opposition more than other stuffs and it prevents the infestation of beetli ng infection, which consequences in the long tally salvaging which can be achieved.Low C accomplishmentsAs makers are now get downing to utilize OSM, and the enforcement of the Code for Sustainable Homes has been introduced, the makers are uniting the two issues of prefabrication with sustainable characteristic. Let entirely that manufacturing offsite achieves sustainable facets for lower waste produced, lower perturbation and transit, it ‘s a concern to implement further sustainable characteristics of recycled stuffs and sustainable engineerings such as solar panels and photovoltaic panels.Comparison of Prefab and On-site for lodgingA comparing of prefabrication and onsite building has been introduced as it can assist to reason the advantages and disadvantages for lodging developments and developers. Procedure programs which have been prepared by the Salford Centre for Research and invention ( Table 1 ) shows the difference in alteration for different building techniques, with comparing to the clip for activities, when workers are needed to get on site, and other resources such as clip acquired for the usage of staging. Table 1: Comparison of different building methods that have different demandsBrick and BlockOpen panel/Advanced panel/ intercrossedVolumetricBrick layers on-site Arrival of first following trades Scaffolding in usage 44 yearss 16 hebdomads after groundbreak 11 hebdomads 20 yearss 7 hebdomads after groundbreak 8 hebdomads 20 yearss Not used 6 hebdomadsBeginning: Procedure programs prepared for the National Audit Office by the Salford Centre for Research and Innovation The tabular array above from the procedure programs are of a illustration developments of 22 homes, where bricklayers would be required to build a brick and block structured home. It clearly shows that the bricklayers clip on-site is more than half less when utilizing the prefabricated attack compared to a traditional building, and leting the reaching of the first following trades to get down more than half lupus erythematosus of clip with Panellised systems, but differing with volumetric systems as the there is no demand for following trade to be used after hard-on as the units are fitted out within the workshop with all or at least most coatings already applied. The tabular array besides demonstrates than the clip of the needed usage of staging is cut down about by 3 hebdomad with panellised systems and 5 hebdomads for volumetric which consequences in lower costs for the hire of scaffolding equipment unless the makers of the prefabrication have their ain supply of scaffolding if they provided the service of raising the construction with the cost of purchase. The tabular array above shows costs which have been calculated for a scope of providers of each different technique within the industry. The cost norm has been converted to a scope of upper terminal and lower terminal quality and costs merely cover the building type of a home. It clearly shows that for the traditional building method of onsite plants utilizing brick and block techniques and unfastened panel technique, they hold the lowest building cost of ?600-1000 per M2. As for the loanblend system, its building cost is from $ 700-1100 per M2. Following so at the highest terminal of the cost graduated table is the volumetric technique which ranges from ?780-1300 per M2. These consequences show that the traditional brick and block, and unfastened panel systems are the most cost effectual. As can be seen there is a just sum of convergence of costs for the different methods, and the volumetric technique is the most expensive with respects to building costs, but the consideration towar ds the clip nest eggs and labour salvaging etc must be taken into history as this will ensue in money nest eggs. If in the nearby hereafter there is possible for decrease in the monetary value of manufactured stuffs and constituents, this could cut down of convergence of different costs. Taking into consideration than faster building and reduced onsite work can accomplish some fiscal benefits to the undertaking Beginning: Cost computations prepared by the National Audit office utilizing information provided by the Building Cost Information Service and procedure programs developed by the Salford Centre for Research and Innovation The tabular array above shows where nest eggs are found in relation to floor country, showing that fiscal benefits can be achieved compared to a brick and block building, from utilizing intercrossed and volumetric systems, demoing significant nest eggs with relation to the old tabular array ( Table 2 ) . The National Audit Office study four advantages that provide fiscal benefits to Landlords if they were to utilize an OSM attack, such as earlier rent can be obtained from the day of the month of release, Social Housing Grants can be drawn at a earlier phase, cut downing involvement payments on capital to fund developments, snagging costs are reduced because off-site building elements are capable to the tighter quality control made possible in mill conditions and the demand for on-site review decreases as the sum of off-site work additions. ( National Audit Office, November 2005 ) . With these four advantages of fiscal benefits from faster building and cut down onsite work, it allows developers to go a portion of a new age for OSM. Beginning: Cost computations prepared by the National Audit office by the Building Cost Information Service utilizing procedure programs developed by the Salford Centre for Research and Innovation The tabular array above shows an addition in the proportion of costs that are incurred offsite, where there has been research undertaken to see where most costs occur and the differences, and it clearly shows a monolithic decrease in the clip spent for on-site stuffs and on-site labor for the volumetric technique compared with the brick and block, with the unfastened panel and intercrossed systems sitting in between to two for a balance of both universes. Resulting with if volumetric attacks lowered there cost of offsite fabrication it would increase the demand and fight.Advantages & A ; Disadvantages of prefabricationAdvantagesSelf back uping constituents are used, so the demand for formwork and staging are lowered.The sum of clip for building is reduced and constructions are finished faster, leting an earlier return on the capital invested in the undertaking.Onsite building work and any possible congestion is minimised.The quality of the completed built tends to be of a better qual ity as the status are less effected by enduring.Less waste is produced as they are manufactured in mill conditions, doing it easier to recycle the waste back into another usage.Templates can be used to retroflex insistent physiquesDisadvantagesIt is required that careful handling of constituents like glass and concrete panels is undertakenAttention to detail demands to be taken into consideration sing the that the construction would be less likely to neglect at articulationsAssociating to the old, where leaks can organize at the articulations if attending to item is non takenTransportation system for the volumetric technique can be somewhat more compared to panellised systems which can be packed more expeditiously for less journeys.Large subdivisions can sometimes necessitate the hire of big Crane and preciseness plants to put into the allocated placeMain drivers for utilizing OSM in lodgingA consideration towards the chief drivers for utilizing OSM in lodging relating to Modern Met hods of Construction has been research, as these facets affect the rate of which developers are utilizing OSM within lodging. The chief drivers for utilizing OSM in lodging are summarised and discussed below:Housing deficitSkills deficitsQualityWasteHousing deficitWith there being a deficit in the lodging market in the yesteryear, its allowed authoritiess and some sectors of a building industry to reconsider traditional patterns. As it is difficult for individual people to low-cost lodging, they by and large lead to flats as they are cheaper, which consequences in the authorities and sectors to be interested in how they are built compared to traditional methods as these are going more popular. An of import issue about flats is that they affect builders ‘ hard currency flow in a manner that houses do non. With houses, each one can be sold and occupied before others are built. With flats, the whole block will normally necessitate to be completed before it is safe to let residents to travel in. ( IHS BRE Press, 2007 ) This shows that hard currency flow can be a job as possible purchasers do n't desire to pay the full monetary value up front, ensuing in the demand for quicker methods for raising flats, such as modern methods of building, which has that advantage of being a faster physique. Besides the possible purchasers are by and large non that concerned about how the flats were constructed every bit long as the construction performs to a satisfactory criterion.Skills deficitsSkills being trained within the industry is falling behind compared to skilled workers go forthing the industry. The deficit in secret agents has been at least partially compensated for by inward migration and this is peculiarly true for the semi-skilled and laboring classs ( IHS BRE Press, 2007 ) . Resulting in many trades being transferred offsite for uninterrupted.QualityThe National Consumer Satisfaction Survey reported in 2003 that the satisfaction degree among buyers of new places was about 40 % . ( National Audit Offi ce, November 2005 ) . At the minute lodging is overmastering with traditional building techniques which consequences into necessitating to look into other emerging techniques. Where a house can be built with a hapless quality, it can be of a hapless design or it can neglect to conform to that design or both. As edifice companies sometimes fail to conform to the design due to bad conditions conditions that consequence the entire plan. When developers use the OSM attack, they can anticipate to be able to conform easier as the site conditions are controlled indoors, besides taking into consideration the mill machine which is used ensures high criterion of quality to conform.WasteThe sum of waste that can be produced with onsite building, seen to be wasted money, acts as a driver for utilizing modern methods of building to understate the waste, as it ‘s within a controlled environment, sing money nest eggs. Costss which the developer brushs are likely to take down over a class of clip as they will be more knowing of the system for OSM, and let them to develop better efficient schemes for onsite plants.Main barriers for utilizing OSM in lodgingThe chief barriers for utilizing OSM in lodging are summarised and discussed below:Lack of experienceland in the house edifice procedureOn site accomplishmentsLightweight building overheating jobSite restraintsLack of experienceWith a alteration in the building methods it ‘s more hard to happen house builders with good expertness in this country or at least a house builder that can pick up the method rather easy. This can merely be overcome by the usage of preparation installations to educate the trade heightening their assurance.The importance of landThe importance of land has an consequence that shows why the new physique industry for OSM is slow, but it can be likely to alter as developers are required to conform with the Code for Sustainable Homes and consequences in building onsite being somewhat disputing co mpared to earlier.On-site accomplishmentsMany makers work hard to develop hard-on crews and to do certain that they are good trained and this will necessitate to go on and spread out to run into builders ‘ concerns ( IHS BRE Press, 2007 ) . As makers can anticipate to use their ain in-house builders to build to the specifications of the design from that company, this may ensue in onsite trades being minimized, as the makers will desire to supply a better design and build service, to see in positive credibleness of merchandise and service.Lightweight buildingLightweight building methods such as Timber frame, SIPS and steel frame can hold an consequence as clime alterations and summer conditions gets hotter, the constructions may be probably to overheating. The overheating may be resolved by shadowing and airing, it can besides be resolved if the residents of the house required suites to chill quicker, where a construction of a low thermic mass would be acceptable.Site restraint sThere can be restraints which can happen when bringing of the prefabricated parts takes topographic point as the size of the site may be limited. It can merely be given to be that the sites themselves have entree restrictions. OSM techniques used within a forced site can hold its benefits of quicker hard-on which may be needed within a metropolis Centre to do fewer perturbations.Case StudiesRecycled and refurbished modular edifice – baby's room, London docklandsBackground InformationThere was a demand for a new designed baby's room edifice for the University of East London ‘s Docklands campus which was constructed from refurbished edifice faculties. They required a more sustainable attack to building, a edifice of a higher quality building which met the client ‘s budgets and a composure and welcoming environment for kids of a immature age. It has demonstrated that there is a possible for this attack of a more environmentally friendly building procedure. The clien t may hold used this attack of building as some kind of nest eggs in cost, or to move environmentally towards the community as the baby's room may be a authorities funded undertaking. The baby's room shows the usage of untreated cladding which achieves a lower impact on the environment, and the construction to the full complies with edifice ordinances.The benefits achieved are:it is a edifice that is robust, significant and pleasant to the oculusCompletion on clip graduated table and on limited fundssThe creative activity of a extremely sustainable option for a new physique and a manner of take downing the edifice ‘s C footmarkThe Centre has met demands without any changes needed to the design, and provides an attractive installation, which has been good appreciated by staff, kids and parents.Modular house – PrefabricatedBackground InformationThere was a demand for a construction to be built as a modern detached brick house that is wholly prefabricated offsite, it respo nds to the rules to innovative technique and being witting to environmental issues. The construction is a standard three sleeping room household house, with the demand to cut down site holds. The modular system uses heavy steel frames and solid concrete floors. The house is moved to its lasting location in four units that are installed on to land plants in a individual twenty-four hours, leting a to the full working brooding to be assembled in less than 24 hours. Site work is confined to the laying of foundations and the connecting of faculties and landscape gardening.The Benefits achieved are:Increased predictability in costs and clipDecrease in clip needed for installingHigh thermal valuesWall highs of up to 12m achievedModular house Extension – PrefabricatedBackground InformationThere was a demand for a new extension to be added to a modern ‘Art Deco ‘ place in Cheshire, which retained the period feel of the belongings. The chief drivers and restraints of the undertaking where to understate the overall clip taken in the undertaking, with restraints from transporting the merchandises to the site. A steel building method was used with a rendered exterior coating for the prefabricated extension. It was a curving roof extension, which contained a sleeping room with en-suite installations, besides incorporating a coiling stairway. Large glass doors used to open out onto the timber deck of the bing roof. Due to the size of the needed construction the faculty was divided into two subdivisions after being fabricated within the mill to see easier transitThe Benefits achieved are:The prefabrication took six hebdomads, with all fixtures and suiting built ready into the unitsThe clip taken to unload and put in the faculties took one twenty-four hours, which allowed the clients to utilize the extension within later of the same twenty-four hours. Connection and interface points took an excess hebdomad to be appliedResults & A ; DiscussionThere are 3 chief techniques which have been investigated such as volumetric, panellised and intercrossed systems, with the benefits following being list ed: Volumetric techniques utilizing repetitiousness allow fiscal nest eggs for the developer, whereas Panellised systems chief market is residential building with a low portion of lumber frame use in England and Wales which means the bulk of the UK does n't use plenty of this technique. Besides that the Hybrid technique is rarer to be used which uses the volumetric and panellised techniques combined. The probe found that the current usage of OSM reported in 2003 shows that 10 % of new UK places use timber frames and 5 % usage other modern methods of building bring forthing about 25,000 MMC places per twelvemonth.EMERGING TECHNIQUES FOR OSMThe consequences found show the latest emerging techniques to be used within the edifice industry, which is listed below:Structurally insulated panel systems ( SIPS )EcohubsSteel placesFlat battalion house or kit placesRecycled edifice facultiesCOMPARISON RESULTS OF PREFAB AND ON-SITE CONSTRUCTIONFrom the comparing consequences of a prefabricated construction and a tradition construction that uses onsite methods more, it can be seen that the bricklayer ‘s clip needed on site is reduced and reaching of first following trades commences before with prefabrication, besides observing that the clip for Scaffolding use is minimized. Prefabrication or OSM can be given to be more expensive than traditional build building, but does integrate fiscal benefits compared to onsite traditional methods. Fiscal benefits that can be achieved compared to onsite are:Earlier rentShorter adoption periodLess snaggingLess onsite reviewThe probe found that benefits can besides be achieved from faster building and decreased onsite building, brings fiscal benefits to developers. Besides modern methods of building tend to be more expensive compared to that of onsite traditional physique.Summary and ConclusionThe aims of the survey have been researched and concluded to accomplish an apprehension of the emerging progresss.Objective 1: An probe of OSMThe research has revealed that there are three chief techniques used being volumetric, panellised and intercrossed, which panellised system being of the most cost effectual solution for lodging, but differs with the usage of volumetric as they could be used in a insistent mode for flats for illustration brings fiscal benefits.Objective 2: an probe of the latest progresss for OSMThis research has revealed that the emerging techniques are fighting to be used today within the edifice industry, with SIPS being the most advanced of the bulk of techniques progressing, as this system is the easiest to be applied to lodging applications of today. With the debut to â€Å" Ecohubs † , its can be expected to see this proficient attack to be implemented more by developer as multi lodging is at an about changeless building rate, which would profit from utilizing aA centralised country within the multi lodging to tie in these engineerings. Flat battalion lodging on the other manus is driven down as it requires external skilled workers to put in the kit, and as these technique are new to the industry, the accomplishment that understand these techniques are reasonably limited.Objective 3: an probe of OSM applied to lodging in the UKThe research has revealed that panellised systems are of the most common for the usage of OSM for bing edifices are they are more flexible with the application. The volumetric technique is besides used for bin g edifices but largely for specific sized extensions. These extensions of the volumetric attack can be seen to be debatable with the fitment of the unit to an bing wall face of a different construction type, as these techniques may non be easy compatible as they can be different, making jobs for articulations of air permeableness and leaks.Objective 4: an Investigation into the drivers and barriers of utilizing OSM for lodging.The research has revealed that there can be possible benefits that can be achieved, but besides that barriers can happen at a similar rate, so depending on the type of OSM method to be used, there costs for fiscal benefit can differ. For modern methods of building to go more popular within the edifice industry, developers and makers need to analyze there schemes to be able to get the better of any possible barrier which may forestall any farther development.Bibliography & A ; ReferencingBenefits of utilizing steel frame kit places. ( 2009 ) . Retrieved Febuary 16, 2010, from Kit Homes state broad pty ltd: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kithomes.net.au/benefits.htm IHS BRE Press. ( 2007 ) .Modern Methods of Construction ( MMC ) in lodging. Kaufmann, M. , & A ; Remick, C. ( 2009 ) .Prefab Green.Gibbs Smith. kit places: eco friendly. ( 2008, 10 07 ) . Retrieved January 5, 2010, from channel 4: 4homes: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.channel4.com/4homes/diy-self-build/kit-houses/kit-homes-eco-friendly-08-07-10_p_1.html Langdon, D. , & A ; Everest. ( 2004 issue 42 ) .Cost Model: Off-site Industry. Retrieved from Building: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.building.co.uk/hybrid.asp? navcode=3531 National Audit Office. ( November 2005 ) .Using modern methods of building to construct places more rapidly and expeditiously. Parliamental Office of Science and Technology. ( December 2003 ) .Modern Methods of house edifice.